<International Circulation>: What do you think is going to have to change in order for the situation in China to change?  You mentioned political will earlier. How do you develop political will?

　　《国际循环》：如果想改变中国的现状，您认为我们需要作出哪些改变？您刚才提到了政治意愿的问题，如何形成政治意愿？

　　Dr Fong: Courage. In the Uruguay situation， they had an oncologist become President. You might say that is just luck but I don’t know. You find champions where you can get them or create them. It is very important to know that strong evidence on the potential effectiveness of policies can make a difference to governments. It is not everything， but it is something. I have said before that strong scientific evidence can give policymakers the courage to do what is right.

　　Fong博士：我认为是勇气。在乌干达，总统是一位肿瘤学家。你可能说这只是运气好而已，但我并不完全同意。你得找到志同道合的人，这样就能形成政治意愿。非常重要的是，我们要知道有关政策有效性的强有力的证据可以使政府有所改变。当然这不是全部，但是它有价值。我刚提到，强有力的科学证据可以让政策制定者有勇气去做正确的事。

　　<International Circulation>:Is there any correlation between policy success on public awareness affecting the number of people who are smoking and a reduction in smoking deaths?

　　《国际循环》：提升认知度的政策减少吸烟人数与降低吸烟相关死亡之间是否存在相关关系？

　　Dr Fong: Sometimes it is difficult to tease all of this apart but you do find that informing people through mass media campaigns， studies have shown definitively that the mass media informing the public can make a significant difference in knowledge as well as intentions to quit and actually quitting for example. It was just accepted last week so there is no publicity about it yet， but there is a study showing that mass media interventions can have an impact on reducing relapse amongst quitters.

　　Fong博士：有些时候，我们很难将各个部分分开，但是你会发现通过媒体运动来告知公众能够显著增加他们对烟草的知识，增加他们戒烟的意愿，事实上他们也确实戒了烟。有研究显示，媒体干预能够降低戒烟者的复吸率，这是上周大家达成的共识，但是目前还没有公开这一研究。

　　<International Circulation>: What sort of mass media interventions are we talking about? Are they directed towards people who are quitting or the general population?

　　《国际循环》：这是指怎样的媒体干预？此种干预是针对正在戒烟的人群还是广大人群？

　　Dr Fong: All kinds. It may also be country specific with respect to the themes. Some of these mass media campaigns are informational. Some of them point out the tobacco industry’s behavior with respect to not revealing about knowing about the dangers of their product， such as the Truth campaign in the United States. The Truth campaign has been running for a long time and there have been pretty good evaluation studies done showing its impact especially amongst youth and youth smoking. There are more targeted campaigns on the dangers of secondhand smoke for instance. It really varies widely depending on the country and on the issues at hand. In general， mass media does work to increase peoples’ knowledge about that issue and also motivate a significant percentage of smokers to consider quitting and for youth to not start.

　　Fong博士：是针对广大人群。不同国家可能宣传不同的主题。一些媒体宣传是告知性的。一些宣传（例如美国的真相项目）指出烟草生产厂家的行为，例如未披露产品的风险。真相项目已经进行了相当长一段时间，有相当不错的评价研究显示了真相项目的影响力，尤其是在年轻人和年轻吸烟者当中的影响力。还有一些研究更具针对性，例如针对吸二手烟的风险。项目是千差万别的，这主要取决于国家及其当前所面临的问题。从总体上来讲，公共媒体确实对于增加公众对烟草的知识有所帮助，同时能够促使相当大比例的吸烟者考虑戒烟，使得年轻人群不开始吸烟。