<International Circulation>: What novel risk predictive factors for type II diabetic nephrology patients are currently being identified?

 《国际循环》：目前有没有确定新的II型糖尿病肾病患者风险预测指标？

    Prof. Whaley-Connell: Most importantly albuminuria/proteinuria is largely our most important marker for predicting risk for progression of diabetic kidney disease. Currently there is a lot of interest in looking at estimating glomerular filtration rate at early stages as a surrogate in conjunction with proteinuria. We are looking at progression of kidney disease， however， if you are asking with regards to risk prediction and the diabetic population as a whole and risk for kidney disease， right now there is a lot of interest in GWAS or genomic-wide association studies， to look at various loci and genetic risk. I think there have been two very nice studies recently published in Nature Medicine in the past couple of years， however I still think we need a little bit of work in years to come as to how those relate to attributable risk.

    Dr Whaley-Connell: 最重要的是，白蛋白尿/蛋白尿是我们预测糖尿病肾病进展的最重要的风险指标。将早期肾小球滤过率的估算作为替代蛋白尿的相关风险指标成为目前关注的热点。但是如果你问的是关于风险预测和将糖尿病人群作为一个整体及肾病的风险，我们正在观察肾病的进展。目前有大量GWAS或基因组范围相关的研究以期发现不同的基因位点或遗传风险。我认为在过去几年里，有2 个非常漂亮的研究最近发表在《自然医学》，但是我相信我们仍需多年的研究才能确定这些因素是如何与归因风险度相关的。
    <International Circulation>: When it comes to the treatment of these diseases， does that genome-wide study help to tailor-make a treatment for patients?

 《国际循环》：当谈到这些疾病的治疗，是否有全基因组研究来帮助对患者进行个体化用药？

    Prof. Whaley-Connell: Yes. That is ultimately the goal for GWAS studies – to potentially look at ways to identify these individuals and intervene at an earlier stage to prevent， not only progression but potentially development of disease. That is long-term， but it is very interesting that we are just now at the very beginning of the dawn of our understanding of GWA studies and positioning them in medicine as a whole.

    Dr Whaley-Connell:  是的，这是GWAS研究的最终目标，以期探明这些个体差异和在早期阶段进行干预，不仅在进展期，还要在疾病潜在发展的阶段。这是一个长期过程，但这是非常有趣的，我们目前正在开始GWAS的研究并将它们作为一个整体列入医学研究。

 

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